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Some facts

What are genes?

Genes are the information written in the human hereditary material (DNA) and are of utmost importance for the growth and development of an individual. They are located in 23 pairs of human chromosomes.
Chromosomes appear in pairs; one comes from the mother and the other one from the father. Thus, every person has two copies of a gene. A copy is called an allele. The two alleles can be identical or different.

What is written in the genes?

Genes play an essential role in passing hereditary characteristics from one generation to the next. Since they are passed from parents to their children, they are responsible for the similarities between parents and children, and for the creation of new human beings. The products of the genes are proteins which are the main macromolecules in the organisms. Proteins are comprised of 20 different smaller molecules called amino acids; the genes encode the correct amino acid sequence and the information on the amino acid type. The specific amino acid sequence encoded by a gene results in a specific protein. In this way, the genetic code, together with the environmental influences, forms the uniqueness of each individual.

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Glossary of terms

In case you find any part of the content difficult to understand, help yourself with the glossary which we created with intention to make our service useful and understandable to everyone.

Glossary entry example:

Allele — one of the various forms of the genetic code on a certain locus on the chromosome. Every individual has a chromosome pair with either two identical or two different alleles, termed homozygosity or heterozygosity, respectively. The different alleles in a human population are the reason for different inherited traits, such as the blood group or the hair colour.

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Interesting facts

A genetic study is being done on an African ethnic group Yoruba. They have an unusually high number of delivered twins.
There is genetic proof indicating that Sans are one of the oldest peoples in the world. It may well be the oldest people, which could be named a genetic Adam.
Merely 2% of the human genome contains information for the formation of proteins. All the rest are the so called non-coding regions it is still not known what their specific function is.

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